ॐ (AUM) & Gayatri

ॐ AUM: 

According to the science of mantra there are four kinds of sound waves- standing waves, reverberant waves, oscillating waves, and transcendental waves. The mantra AUM produces all of these waves. AUM is a combination of three sounds 'A', 'U' and 'M'. 'A' creates the standing wave, 'U' the reverberant wave, and 'M' the oscillating wave. The fourth wave, being transcendental and beyond the sense of hearing or speech, is created by meditating on AUM in the heart center.

When you transcend the external sensory world, you become aware of high frequency waves which have no rest period. Ordinary waves have a rest period. When you chant the mantra Om, it begins and it ends. The beginning and the end are the rest periods for the sound wave. But when you transcend the mind, then you come to a high sound frequency which has no rest period.

The first three sound waves belong to the three dimensions of human consciousness and are interconnected. 'A' represents the waking or sense consciousness, 'U' the dream or sub-consciousness, and 'M' deep sleep or unconsciousness. The fourth wave represents the unlimited dimension of consciousness which is beyond the mind and the senses. Therefore, we can say that Om has four bases : the sensual world, the mental world, the terrestrial world, and the ultimate state.

This letter AUM (OM), indeed, is the (inferior) Brahman (Hiranyagarbha); and this letter is, indeed, the Supreme Brahman. Anybody, who, while meditating on this letter, wants any of the two, to him comes that.

-Katha Upanisad, I.ii.16

This medium is the best; this medium is the Supreme (and the inferior) Brahman. Meditating on this medium, one becomes adorable in the world of Brahman.

-Katha Upanisad, I.ii.17

AUM being the sound symbol of Parmatman (Supreme Reality), it is considered to be the first vibration as sound emanating at the beginning of creation. From the three matras of AUM came out the three 'feet' of Gayatri, and from its three 'feet' came out the three Vedas and the three Vyaahrtis BHUR-BHUVAH-SUVAH representing the three cosmic world planes.

From A came out tat savitur varenyam which expanded itself into the Rg-Veda and the cosmic plane Bhuh.

From U came out bhargo devasya dhimahi, which expanded itself into Yajur Veda and the plane of bhuvah.

From M came out dhiyo yo nah prachodayat- which expanded itself into Sam Veda, and the plane of suvah.

The first Veda RG is stuti-para-devoted to devotion. The second Veda Yajur is kriya-para - devoted to work (action). The third Veda Sam is jnana-para -devoted to knowledge.

Om, we meditate(dhimahi) on the spiritual effulgence(bhargas) of that adorable Supreme Divine Reality (varenyam devasya), the source or projector (savitr) of the three phenomenal world planes the gross or physical (bhuh) the subtle or psychical (bhuvah) and the potential or causal (suvah), both macro cosmically or externally and micro cosmically or internally.

May the Supreme Divine Being(Tat) stimulate(prachodayat) our(nah) intellect(dhiyah), so that we may realise the Supreme Truth.

From the Bhagavad Gita, Ch.10, Verse 25

The Lord said:

"Among sacrifices, I am the sacrifice of silent repetition"

From The Bhagavad Gita, Ch.10, Verse 25

The Blessed Lord said:

"Among words, I am the one syllable AUM"

From Mandukya Upanishad, First Mantra:

"AUM, the word, is all this (phenomenal universe). A clear explanation of it (follows). All that is past, present and future is indeed, AUM. And whatever else there is, beyond the three fold division of time,- that too verily is AUM (OM)."

The syllable AUM is a sacred Mantra of the Vedas.It is an esoteric formula from which all written and unwritten sounds, letters and words have emanated. The letters A, U, M, which when combined, form the syllable AUM (or OM), represent the entire vocabulary of articulation, as they represent the various sounds uttered through the vocal organ (mouth).

A (pronounced as the 'u' in cut) represents gutturals,U(as in 'put') represents labials and M (pronounced exactly as 'm' in 'mother') represents nasals. The sabda (sound) which comes out through the vocal organ, is in a pregnant form within, till it is spelt out.

The alphabetical letters of all languages form the corpus of meaningful expression. In the deep-sleep state, objects, ideas, as well as letters are all latent. So speech is an expression of consciousness.

An explanation by Swami Nikhilananda

Sri Ramakrishna Math:

The word that signifies God is AUM. AUM, often written OM (to rhyme with home), is the most sacred word in the Gayatri Mantra, which contains the essence of the Vedic philosophy. Hindus regard this word as an effective symbol of Brahman (the Supreme Reality), and give the following reason.

Every thought has a counterpart in a word or sound; the word and the thought are inseparable. The external part of a thing is what we may call the thought. The same thought may be expressed by different words or sounds. Though the sounds vary, yet the relation between the sound and the thoughts is a natural one. This relation is effective only if there is a real connection between the thing signified and the signifying symbol; otherwise the symbol will never be universally accepted. When that natural connection exists, the symbol, when it is used, recalls the thing signified.

According to Patanjali, there is a unique relation between the Godhead and the word AUM. Hindu philosophers regard AUM as the most generalised sound, the substratum and common ground of all sounds.

The three letters A, U, M, pronounced in combination as Aum, are the generalised symbols of all possible sounds. A (pronouncedawas in dawn)is the root sound, the key, pronounced without the tongue's touching any part of the palate; it is the least differentiated of all sounds. Again, all articulate sounds are produced in the space between the root of the tongue and the lips; the throat sound is A,and Mis the final sound produced by the closing of the lips. U represents the rolling forward of the impulse that begins at the root of the tongue and ends at the lips. When properly pronounced, AUMrepresents the whole gamut of sound-production as no other word can. It is therefore the matrix of all sounds, and thus the fittest symbol of the Godhead;

The word AUM is not invented by any man. It is the primordial and uncreated sound which is heard by mystics absorbed in contemplation, when their minds and senses are withdrawn from the world.

The three aspects of creation, preservation and destruction are expressed by the three letters AUM. A signifies the creative aspect of the Deity because A is the beginning of all sounds. Usignifies the preservative aspect because the sound that is produced in the throat is preserved, as it were, by U, while rolling through the mouth. Finally, M is the symbol of the destructive aspect of the Deity because all sounds come to an end when the lips are closed. There is also an undifferentiated sound which comes at the end of the utterance of AUM and which is the symbol of pure consciousness, or the attributeless Brahman. Both the symbol and the entity signified by it are without parts or relationships. The undifferentiated sound finally merges in silence, which also is the final experience of the mystics.

The word AUMsignifies God. By repeating it and meditating on its meaning, the aspirant develops introspection and overcomes such obstructions to the spiritual life as 'disease, mental laziness, doubt, lack of enthusiasm, lethargy, clinging to sense-enjoyments, false perception, non-attaining of concentration, and falling away from concentration when attained'.

AUM : No Other Word Can Do This

These three letters AUM pronounced in combination as OM, may well be the generalised symbol of all possible sounds. The letter A is the least differentiated of all sounds, therefore Krishna says in the Gita. "I am ‘A’ among the letters." Again all articulate sounds are produced in the space within the mouth beginning with the root of the tongue and ending in the lips – the throat sound is ‘A’, and ‘M’ is the last lip sound, and the ‘U’ exactly represents the rolling forward of the impulse which begins at the root of the tongue till it ends in the lips. If properly pronounced, this OM will represent the whole phenomenon of sound production, and no other word can do this.

-Swami Vivekananda, (The foremost disciple of Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa)

From Prashna Upanishad

IV (Up. 5)

1.Then Satyakama, son of Sibi, asked him: ‘Venerable Sir, if among men any one meditates on AUM to the end of his life, what world does he win thereby?’

2.To him he said: “Verily, O Satyakama, this syllable AUM is both the higher and the lower Brahman. Therefore, he who knows it can reach by its support either the one or the other.

3.“If he meditates on one element of it, he is enlightened even by that and comes back quickly to earth.

The Rik verses lead him to the world of men. There, endowed with austerity, chastity and faith he experiences greatness.

4.“If he meditates on two elements, then he becomes one with the mind and is led by Yajus formulas to the intermediate space, to the lunar world; having experienced greatness there he returns here again.

5.“But if with the three elements of the syllable AUM he meditates on the highest Person, he becomes one with the light, the sun. And being freed from his sins, as a snake is freed from its skin, he is led by Saman chants to the world of Brahman. He sees the Person who dwells in the body, higher than the highest assemblage of life. On this subject there are these two verses:

6.“These three elements, each by itself, are within the sphere of mortality. But if they are united and not separated from each other and are enjoyed in actions well performed, internal, external or intermediate – the knower is not shaken.

7.“With the Rik verses one gains this world, with the Yajus formulas the inter-space, and with Saman chants that which the sages know. With AUM as the sole support the wise man attains to that which is tranquil, undecaying, deathless, fearless and supreme.

Exploding the Creative Force:

According to the Vedas, AUM is the ultimate and first mantra. It has no name and no form, and is considered to be the creative force of the universal mind. The concept of universal mind is very difficult for us to comprehend. In the scriptures it is called hiranyagarbha which is compared with an egg. In the centre of this egg is the ultimate point from which sound emanates. Nada literally means sound, but here it refers to the ultimate point of resonance. This point is a transcendental point where the sound AUM is un-manifested form. There is no vibration, no rhythm, no wave, and everything seems to be completely silent and potential. It can be imagined as total inactivity.

At opposite poles of this universal egg are the forces known as time and space. Space is the positive energy force and time is the negative. When you produce the mantra Om with your mouth, or recite it in the realm of your mind, these two psychic forces attain a state of polarity and try to project themselves towards the centre nucleus. When union occurs, there is an explosion of force, which results in the whole universal creation. Therefore, the mantra Om represents the creative force, the centre in which time and space unite, and where infinity is split into a multitude of infinities.

The mantra Om is written in a particular fashion. Many have it engraved on their lockets. It consists of four curves, over which there is a crescent moon with a bindu or point. Bindu is the centre or focal point of AUM. Each curve represents infinity in its different aspects of time, space, object and transcendence. Therefore, Om has within itself the other force known as prakriti or nature, as well as the spiritual force.

The yogis meditate on this symbol of Om in order to develop the spiritual and mental force within themselves. There are two manifestations of this energy; one is fulfillment which belongs to the material plane; the other is transcendence belonging to the spiritual plane. Om is a very powerful mantra for the purpose of transcendence.

The Gayatri Mantra:

AUM is the first mantra which was amplified in order to form Gayatri. The 24 syllables which make up the Gayatri mantra are:

ॐ भूर भुवः स्वः तत् सवितुर वारण्यं 

भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि धियो यो नः प्रचोदयात 

Aum Bhur Bhuvah Svah

Tat Savitur Varanyam

Bhargo Devasya Dheemahi

Dhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat

From the 24 syllables of Gayatri, the oldest books known to man- the Vedas, emanated. Gayatri is the symbol of spiritual consciousness in man. This consciousness has three stages- the time when it dawns, when it is fully fledged, and when it enters eternal space. The sun rising at daybreak symbolises spiritual life, and the sun setting in the evening symbolises the total matter of consciousness. When there is no sun, no light, this is the dark night of the soul according to the Bible, or Shivaratri, the dark night of Shiva. 

The presiding deity of the Gayatri Mantra is Lord Sun. Gayatri is personified as a goddess, the consort of Brahma (Sarasvati), and mother of the Vedas.

The Gayatri Mantra is never chanted for the purposes of material gains, physical or otherwise. Its very invocation concludes with an appeal to the pure Consciousness to illumine more our heart-mind. 

It is a prayer unto the Self to unveil itself and come to manifest as pure wisdom in our life.

The Gayatri Mantra is one of the oldest available Divine hymns. 

In the ancient Vedic literature, this mantra is dedicated to the deity Sun. This mantra is sung in the Vedic-meter called Gayatri. This is considered to be the most important mantra written out in Gayatri meter, and therefore, by tradition, this mantra has come to be known as Gayatri.

It has actually been observed that by the repetition of this Gayatri Mantra with the right understanding of its sacred meaning, the ordinary negative tendencies in the human mind can be erased out to a large extent.

It is believed that for any one frightened in the dark, immediate chanting of the Gayatri Mantra is advised to get over the nervousness of the fright.

It is also believed that on starting any important and great work if a person detects some bad omen, that person must immediately sit down and chant eleven times the Gayatri. If on starting again, he meets with a new set of bad omens then he is to sit down again and chant the Gayatri for sixteen times, to remove the effects of the bad omen encountered.

The deeper philosophic meaning of Gayatri:

In our inner life, the sun represents the light-giver, the illuminator of all experiences, the ATMAN(Soul). This pure consciousness in us, the inner centre of our personality around which the matter envelopments function with mathematical precision- just as around the sun the entire solar system revolves- is being invoked to shine more and more in our intellect.

Without the Atman ( the light that is our consciousness), the bodily matters become inert and dead, just as without the sun life would have been impossible.